We pay particular attention to the underlying mechanisms responsible for superior performance, at both the individual and team level, with a special consideration given to understanding if and why this relationship is important. We specifically focus on the role of planning or plan sharing in becoming an вЂњexpert team.вЂќ Following this, we discuss the relationship between those concepts introduced and performance. Next, the concept of вЂњsharednessвЂќ is considered. We begin by examining how some of the terms introduced have been defined previously and assess the appropriateness of and theoretical rationale for their use. This article offers a critical evaluation of the team cognition and performance literature and, in particular, the concepts, ideas, and research discussed by the authors contributing to this special issue.

We further discuss design implications for facilitating collaboration among strangers. They try to exert influence over their teammates. They discipline their own ways of interaction to facilitate collaboration. Players want to collaborate with strangers through communication and coordination. We found that rich social interaction exists within temporary teams. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with experienced players. How do players interact and collaborate with their teammates in temporary teams? To answer this question, we conducted an ethnographic study within the League of Legends community. Players must collaborate with strangers in a relatively short time (about 30-50 minutes). Riot Games' League of Legends, a team-based competitive online game, is played by two temporary teams. Few studies have been done to understand how temporary teams (or pickup groups) composed of strangers fulfill complex tasks. Game researchers have extensively studied how players form long-term social organizations such as guilds and clans to accomplish complex tasks such as raiding in online games. Our work provides new directions for research into the design of misrepresentation in games. We show that data misrepresentations need to be designed carefully to avoid unintended effects. Our results suggest that even subtle manipulations to data displays can have a measurable effect on behavior and performance, and these changes can help explain differences in experience. To provide a better understanding of how data misrepresentation impacts play, we compare two versions of a game: one that displays health accurately and one that misrepresents health. While commonly used, players make decisions based on in-game data displays, raising the question of how misrepresentations impact behavior and performance, and whether this might have unintended consequences. For example, designers may manipulate data displays of player health-showing they have less health than they actually do-to induce tension. Game designers use a variety of techniques that mislead players with the goal of inducing play experience. Our findings provide new directions for the design of gesturing tools in groupware and online games. Our findings include: six distinct motivations for the use of gesturing tools when and how frequently gesture motivations occur during games and, that players find pings an essential tool for winning, but not annotations. To gather this information, we performed two complementary studies: an interaction analysis of eight game replays, and a survey of 167 experienced players. While gesturing tools are important for quickly coordinating with teammates in Dota 2, there is little information about how and why people use them. In contrast, Dota 2, a popular MOBA game, provides two frequently-used gesturing tools: annotations - freely drawn lines on top of the gamespace - and pings - a combination of animation and sound indicating a point of interest. However, this work has not led to wide support of gesturing in commercial groupware systems. Groupware research has long focused on representing gestures as a means to facilitate collaboration.

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